Saigon's oldest park began as a private garden for one of the most powerful men in southern Vietnam, and the city's park system since has grown through colonial planning, wartime upheaval, and — in one of its stranger chapters — a citywide project to convert old cemeteries into public green space.
Lê Văn Duyệt, the powerful viceroy (Tổng trấn) governing all of southern Vietnam from Gia Định citadel, lays out an ornamental garden for his own residence, used for leisurely viewing and for watching hát bội, classical Vietnamese opera. After his death and the failure of the Lê Văn Khôi uprising, the garden falls into disrepair.
After seizing Saigon, French colonial authorities rebuild the garden alongside their new Governor's Palace (Norodom Palace, today's Independence Palace), which stands on part of the same grounds. In 1869 a new road separates the two, leaving a garden of just over 90,000 square meters — officially named Jardin de la Ville, Saigon's first public park.
Colonial institutions steadily move into the garden: a philharmonic society in 1896, a Freemasons' lodge in 1897, and in 1902 the Cercle Sportif Saigonnais sports club, complete with a football pitch considered the only one in the city fit to host visiting foreign teams, plus a swimming pool and tennis courts.
The park is renamed Parc Maurice Long, after a former Governor-General of Indochina, though Saigon residents continue calling it by its older folk names; see A name nobody can quite explain, below.
Following the French withdrawal, the former Governor's Palace becomes the Presidential Palace, and the garden is renamed Tao Đàn — the name it still carries today.
City authorities order two of Saigon's largest historic cemeteries relocated to make way for public green space: the Mạc Đĩnh Chi cemetery, originally a French colonial burial ground later used by the city's elite, and the Chí Hòa cemetery, historically used by ordinary residents. Thousands of graves are moved to outlying cemeteries over the following years.
The former Mạc Đĩnh Chi cemetery reopens to the public as Lê Văn Tám Park, named for a teenage figure remembered from the resistance war; the former Chí Hòa cemetery becomes Lê Thị Riêng Park — both timed to mark the years following the tenth anniversary of national reunification.